| Tag | Content |
|---|
| EKPD ID | EKS-HOS-00466 |
| Classification | | Group/Family | Score | E-Value | Start | End | Domain Length |
|---|
| CMGC/MAPK | 450.4 | 1.2E-134 | 24 | 308 | 285 |
|
| Status | Reviewed |
| Ensembl Protein | ENSP00000229794 |
| UniProt Accession | Q16539; A6ZJ92; A8K6P4; B0LPH0; O60776; Q13083; Q14084; Q8TDX0; |
| Protein Name | Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 |
| Protein Synonyms/Alias | MAP kinase 14; MAPK 14; Cytokine suppressive anti-inflammatory drug-binding protein; CSAID-binding protein; CSBP; MAP kinase MXI2; MAX-interacting protein 2; Mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 alpha; MAP kinase p38 alpha; Stress-activated protein kinase 2a; SAPK2a; |
| Gene Name | MAPK14 |
| Gene Synonyms/Alias | MAPK14; CSBP, CSBP1, CSBP2, CSPB1, MXI2, SAPK2A; |
| Ensembl Information | |
| Organism | Homo sapiens |
| Functional Description | Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essentialcomponent of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK14 is one of the four p38 MAPKs which play an important role in the cascades of cellular responses evoked by extracellular stimuli such as proinflammatory cytokines or physical stress leading to direct activation of transcription factors. Accordingly, p38 MAPKs phosphorylate a broad range of proteins and it has been estimated that they may have approximately 200 to 300 substrates each. Some of the targets are downstream kinases which are activated through phosphorylation and further phosphorylate additional targets. RPS6KA5/MSK1 and RPS6KA4/MSK2 can directly phosphorylate and activate transcription factors such as CREB1, ATF1, the NF-kappa-B isoform RELA/NFKB3, STAT1 and STAT3, but can also phosphorylate histone H3 and the nucleosomal protein HMGN1. RPS6KA5/MSK1 and RPS6KA4/MSK2 play important roles in the rapid induction of immediate-early genes in response to stress or mitogenic stimuli, either by inducing chromatin remodeling or by recruiting the transcription machinery. On the other hand, two other kinase targets, MAPKAPK2/MK2 and MAPKAPK3/MK3, participate in the control of gene expression mostly at the post-transcriptional level, by phosphorylating ZFP36 (tristetraprolin) and ELAVL1, and by regulating EEF2K, which is important for the elongation of mRNA during translation. MKNK1/MNK1 and MKNK2/MNK2, two other kinases activated by p38 MAPKs, regulate protein synthesis by phosphorylating the initiation factor EIF4E2. MAPK14 interacts also with casein kinase II, leading to its activation through autophosphorylation and further phosphorylation of TP53/p53. In the cytoplasm, the p38 MAPK pathway is an important regulator of protein turnover. For example, CFLAR is an inhibitor of TNF- induced apoptosis whose proteasome-mediated degradation is regulated by p38 MAPK phosphorylation. In a similar way, MAPK14 phosphorylates the ubiquitin ligase SIAH2, regulating its activity towards EGLN3. MAPK14 may also inhibit the lysosomal degradation pathway of autophagy by interfering with the intracellular trafficking of the transmembrane protein ATG9. Another function of MAPK14 is to regulate the endocytosis of membrane receptors by different mechanisms that impinge on the small GTPase RAB5A. In addition, clathrin-mediated EGFR internalization induced by inflammatory cytokines and UV irradiation depends on MAPK14- mediated phosphorylation of EGFR itself as well as of RAB5A effectors. Ectodomain shedding of transmembrane proteins is regulated by p38 MAPKs as well. In response to inflammatory stimuli, p38 MAPKs phosphorylate the membrane-associated metalloprotease ADAM17. Such phosphorylation is required for ADAM17-mediated ectodomain shedding of TGF-alpha family ligands, which results in the activation of EGFR signaling and cell proliferation. Another p38 MAPK substrate is FGFR1. FGFR1 can be translocated from the extracellular space into the cytosol and nucleus of target cells, and regulates processes such as rRNA synthesis and cell growth. FGFR1 translocation requires p38 MAPK activation. In the nucleus, many transcription factors are phosphorylated and activated by p38 MAPKs in response to different stimuli. Classical examples include ATF1, ATF2, ATF6, ELK1, PTPRH, DDIT3, TP53/p53 and MEF2C and MEF2A. The p38 MAPKs are emerging as important modulators of gene expression by regulating chromatin modifiers and remodelers. The promoters of several genes involved in the inflammatory response, such as IL6, IL8 and IL12B, display a p38 MAPK-dependent enrichment of histone H3 phosphorylation on 'Ser-10' (H3S10ph) in LPS-stimulated myeloid cells. This phosphorylation enhances the accessibility of the cryptic NF- kappa-B-binding sites marking promoters for increased NF-kappa-B recruitment. Phosphorylates CDC25B and CDC25C which is required for binding to 14-3-3 proteins and leads to initiation of a G2 delay after ultraviolet radiation. Phosphorylates TIAR following DNA damage, releasing TIAR from GADD45A mRNA and preventing mRNA degradation. The p38 MAPKs may also have kinase-independent roles, which are thought to be due to the binding to targets in the absence of phosphorylation. Protein O-Glc-N-acylation catalyzed by the OGT is regulated by MAPK14, and, although OGT does not seem to be phosphorylated by MAPK14, their interaction increases upon MAPK14 activation induced by glucose deprivation. This interaction may regulate OGT activity by recruiting it to specific targets such as neurofilament H, stimulating its O-Glc-N-acylation. Required in mid-fetal development for the growth of embryo-derived blood vessels in the labyrinth layer of the placenta. Also plays an essential role in developmental and stress-induced erythropoiesis, through regulation of EPO gene expression. Isoform MXI2 activation is stimulated by mitogens and oxidative stress and only poorly phosphorylates ELK1 and ATF2. Isoform EXIP may play a role in the early onset of apoptosis. Phosphorylates S100A9 at 'Thr-113'. |
| Protein Length | 360 |
Protein Sequence
(FASTA) | | MSQERPTFYR QELNKTIWEV PERYQNLSPV GSGAYGSVCA AFDTKTGLRV AVKKLSRPFQ 60 | | SIIHAKRTYR ELRLLKHMKH ENVIGLLDVF TPARSLEEFN DVYLVTHLMG ADLNNIVKCQ 120 | | KLTDDHVQFL IYQILRGLKY IHSADIIHRD LKPSNLAVNE DCELKILDFG LARHTDDEMT 180 | | GYVATRWYRA PEIMLNWMHY NQTVDIWSVG CIMAELLTGR TLFPGTDHID QLKLILRLVG 240 | | TPGAELLKKI SSESARNYIQ SLTQMPKMNF ANVFIGANPL AVDLLEKMLV LDSDKRITAA 300 | | QALAHAYFAQ YHDPDDEPVA DPYDQSFESR DLLIDEWKSL TYDEVISFVP PPLDQEEMES 360 |
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Nucleotide Sequence
(FASTA) | | ATGTCTCAGG AGAGGCCCAC GTTCTACCGG CAGGAGCTGA ACAAGACAAT CTGGGAGGTG 60 | | CCCGAGCGTT ACCAGAACCT GTCTCCAGTG GGCTCTGGCG CCTATGGCTC TGTGTGTGCT 120 | | GCTTTTGACA CAAAAACGGG GTTACGTGTG GCAGTGAAGA AGCTCTCCAG ACCATTTCAG 180 | | TCCATCATTC ATGCGAAAAG AACCTACAGA GAACTGCGGT TACTTAAACA TATGAAACAT 240 | | GAAAATGTGA TTGGTCTGTT GGACGTTTTT ACACCTGCAA GGTCTCTGGA GGAATTCAAT 300 | | GATGTGTATC TGGTGACCCA TCTCATGGGG GCAGATCTGA ACAACATTGT GAAATGTCAG 360 | | AAGCTTACAG ATGACCATGT TCAGTTCCTT ATCTACCAAA TTCTCCGAGG TCTAAAGTAT 420 | | ATACATTCAG CTGACATAAT TCACAGGGAC CTAAAACCTA GTAATCTAGC TGTGAATGAA 480 | | GACTGTGAGC TGAAGATTCT GGATTTTGGA CTGGCTCGGC ACACAGATGA TGAAATGACA 540 | | GGCTACGTGG CCACTAGGTG GTACAGGGCT CCTGAGATCA TGCTGAACTG GATGCATTAC 600 | | AACCAGACAG TTGATATTTG GTCAGTGGGA TGCATAATGG CCGAGCTGTT GACTGGAAGA 660 | | ACATTGTTTC CTGGTACAGA CCATATTGAT CAGTTGAAGC TCATTTTAAG ACTCGTTGGA 720 | | ACCCCAGGGG CTGAGCTTTT GAAGAAAATC TCCTCAGAGT CTGCAAGAAA CTATATTCAG 780 | | TCTTTGACTC AGATGCCGAA GATGAACTTT GCGAATGTAT TTATTGGTGC CAATCCCCTG 840 | | GCTGTCGACT TGCTGGAGAA GATGCTTGTA TTGGACTCAG ATAAGAGAAT TACAGCGGCC 900 | | CAAGCCCTTG CACATGCCTA CTTTGCTCAG TACCACGATC CTGATGATGA ACCAGTGGCC 960 | | GATCCTTATG ATCAGTCCTT TGAAAGCAGG GACCTCCTTA TAGATGAGTG GAAAAGCCTG 1020 | | ACCTATGATG AAGTCATCAG CTTTGTGCCA CCACCCCTTG ACCAAGAAGA GATGGAGTCC 1080 | | TGA 1083 |
|
| Domain Profile | S: 1 yeslkplgeGaygvvvsavdkrteervaikklsrpfqketsakrtlRElkllkelkheNi 60 | y++l+p+g+Gayg v++a+d++t+ rva+kklsrpfq+ ++akrt+REl+llk++kheN+ | Q: 24 YQNLSPVGSGAYGSVCAAFDTKTGLRVAVKKLSRPFQSIIHAKRTYRELRLLKHMKHENV 83 | 899********************************************************* |
| S: 61 iklldvftpeeeleelkdvYlvtelmetdLkkviksqklsdehiklllyqilrglkylHs 120 | i lldvftp+++lee++dvYlvt+lm++dL++++k qkl+d+h+++l+yqilrglky+Hs | Q: 84 IGLLDVFTPARSLEEFNDVYLVTHLMGADLNNIVKCQKLTDDHVQFLIYQILRGLKYIHS 143 | ************************************************************ |
| S: 121 anviHrDlKPsNllvnedcelkildFGlarsadkekekklteyvatrwYraPeillslke 180 | a++iHrDlKPsNl+vnedcelkildFGlar++d+e +t+yvatrwYraPei+l++++ | Q: 144 ADIIHRDLKPSNLAVNEDCELKILDFGLARHTDDE----MTGYVATRWYRAPEIMLNWMH 199 | **********************************9....********************* |
| S: 181 ytkavDiWsvGCIlaElltgkplfpgkdeidqlekilevlgtpseeflkkieseearnyi 240 | y+++vDiWsvGCI+aElltg++lfpg+d+idql++il+++gtp +e lkki+se+arnyi | Q: 200 YNQTVDIWSVGCIMAELLTGRTLFPGTDHIDQLKLILRLVGTPGAELLKKISSESARNYI 259 | ************************************************************ |
| S: 241 kslpkkkkkdfeelfpkaseealdLleklLvldpdkRisveeaLehpYl 289 | +sl++++k++f+++f a++ a+dLlek+Lvld+dkRi++++aL+h Y+ | Q: 260 QSLTQMPKMNFANVFIGANPLAVDLLEKMLVLDSDKRITAAQALAHAYF 308 | ***********************************************96 |
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Domain Sequence
(FASTA) | | YQNLSPVGSG AYGSVCAAFD TKTGLRVAVK KLSRPFQSII HAKRTYRELR LLKHMKHENV 60 | | IGLLDVFTPA RSLEEFNDVY LVTHLMGADL NNIVKCQKLT DDHVQFLIYQ ILRGLKYIHS 120 | | ADIIHRDLKP SNLAVNEDCE LKILDFGLAR HTDDEMTGYV ATRWYRAPEI MLNWMHYNQT 180 | | VDIWSVGCIM AELLTGRTLF PGTDHIDQLK LILRLVGTPG AELLKKISSE SARNYIQSLT 240 | | QMPKMNFANV FIGANPLAVD LLEKMLVLDS DKRITAAQAL AHAYF 285 |
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| Keyword | 3D-structure; Acetylation; Alternative splicing; Apoptosis; ATP-binding; Complete proteome; Cytoplasm; Direct protein sequencing; Kinase; Nucleotide-binding; Nucleus; Phosphoprotein; Polymorphism; Reference proteome; Serine/threonine-protein kinase; Stress response; Transcription; Transcription regulation; Transferase; Ubl conjugation. |
| Sequence Source | Ensembl |
| Orthology | |
| Gene Ontology | |
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| Pfam | |
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| Prints | |
| Created Date | 20-Feb-2013 |