※ InsR family introduction

    InsR (insulin receptor) are receptor tyrosine protein kinase found across a wide spread of organisms and play an essential role in glucose homeostasis. InsRs consist of two subunits A and B. The A subunit is a 135kD extracellular and the 95 kD B subunit contains a extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain and an intracellular tyrosine kinase domain. The combine of receptor and ligand will lead to the InsR autophosphorylation and then become active. Activated InsRs will mediate the phosphorylation of downstream substrates, including IRS, Gab-1, Shc and Cbl, which involved in MAPK or PI3K signaling pathway (1).

Reference
1. http://www.cellsignal.com/pdf/7748.pdf