※ DYRK family introduction

    DYRK (Dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase) belong to CMGC family. Homology within the kinase domain can further classify this family into three subfamilies: DYRK kinases, homeodomain-interacting protein kinases (HIPKs), and pre-mRNA processing protein 4 kinases (PRP4s). Ten members have been found in human genome. DYRKs are characterized as dual-specificity protein kinases for their ability to mediate the phosphorylation of serine, threonine and tyrosine residues; however, the tyrosine phosphorylation activity is restricted to autophosphorylation. DYRKs play an important role and act as pleiotropic regulators in a variety of cellular functions, including cell survival, cell differentiation, gene transcription and endocytosis. Mutation or abnormal expressions always associate with diseases. Truncation mutants of DYRK1A result in clinical phenotypes, including microcephaly, intrauterine growth retardation, and developmental delay. Overexpression of DYRK1B has been reported in solid tumors, including colon and lung cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas, and rhabdomyosarcomas, and experimental data suggest that increased amounts of DYRK1B favor tumor development (1).

Reference
1. Aranda, S., Laguna, A. and de la Luna, S. (2011) DYRK family of protein kinases: evolutionary relationships, biochemical properties, and functional roles. FASEB J, 25, 449-462. PMID: 21048044

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No.	Status	EKPD ID	Gene ID	Gene Name
1		EKS-MEG-00214	ENSMGAG00000014551	DYRK1A
2		EKS-MEG-00210	ENSMGAG00000010401	DYRK2
3		EKS-MEG-00215	ENSMGAG00000001207	HIPK3
4		EKS-MEG-00212	ENSMGAG00000013120	HIPK2
5		EKS-MEG-00213	ENSMGAG00000005437	HIPK1
6		EKS-MEG-00217	ENSMGAG00000005043	UHMK1
7		EKS-MEG-00211	ENSMGAG00000003702	DYRK3
8		EKS-MEG-00216	ENSMGAG00000004104	PRPF4B