※ DYRK family introduction

    DYRK (Dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase) belong to CMGC family. Homology within the kinase domain can further classify this family into three subfamilies: DYRK kinases, homeodomain-interacting protein kinases (HIPKs), and pre-mRNA processing protein 4 kinases (PRP4s). Ten members have been found in human genome. DYRKs are characterized as dual-specificity protein kinases for their ability to mediate the phosphorylation of serine, threonine and tyrosine residues; however, the tyrosine phosphorylation activity is restricted to autophosphorylation. DYRKs play an important role and act as pleiotropic regulators in a variety of cellular functions, including cell survival, cell differentiation, gene transcription and endocytosis. Mutation or abnormal expressions always associate with diseases. Truncation mutants of DYRK1A result in clinical phenotypes, including microcephaly, intrauterine growth retardation, and developmental delay. Overexpression of DYRK1B has been reported in solid tumors, including colon and lung cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas, and rhabdomyosarcomas, and experimental data suggest that increased amounts of DYRK1B favor tumor development (1).

Reference
1. Aranda, S., Laguna, A. and de la Luna, S. (2011) DYRK family of protein kinases: evolutionary relationships, biochemical properties, and functional roles. FASEB J, 25, 449-462. PMID: 21048044

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No.	Status	EKPD ID	Gene ID	Gene Name
1		EKS-ORA-00232	ENSOANG00000005931	DYRK2
2		EKS-ORA-00233	ENSOANG00000006412	DYRK1A
3		EKS-ORA-00235	ENSOANG00000002548	DYRK4
4		EKS-ORA-00238	ENSOANG00000030364	LOC100082140; HIPK2
5		EKS-ORA-00236	ENSOANG00000014951	PRPF4B
6		EKS-ORA-00234	ENSOANG00000015138	HIPK3
7		EKS-ORA-00239	ENSOANG00000004146	DYRK1B
8		EKS-ORA-00240	ENSOANG00000004287	HIPK4
9		EKS-ORA-00237	ENSOANG00000031372	HIPK1; LOC100092616