※ DYRK family introduction

    DYRK (Dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase) belong to CMGC family. Homology within the kinase domain can further classify this family into three subfamilies: DYRK kinases, homeodomain-interacting protein kinases (HIPKs), and pre-mRNA processing protein 4 kinases (PRP4s). Ten members have been found in human genome. DYRKs are characterized as dual-specificity protein kinases for their ability to mediate the phosphorylation of serine, threonine and tyrosine residues; however, the tyrosine phosphorylation activity is restricted to autophosphorylation. DYRKs play an important role and act as pleiotropic regulators in a variety of cellular functions, including cell survival, cell differentiation, gene transcription and endocytosis. Mutation or abnormal expressions always associate with diseases. Truncation mutants of DYRK1A result in clinical phenotypes, including microcephaly, intrauterine growth retardation, and developmental delay. Overexpression of DYRK1B has been reported in solid tumors, including colon and lung cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas, and rhabdomyosarcomas, and experimental data suggest that increased amounts of DYRK1B favor tumor development (1).

Reference
1. Aranda, S., Laguna, A. and de la Luna, S. (2011) DYRK family of protein kinases: evolutionary relationships, biochemical properties, and functional roles. FASEB J, 25, 449-462. PMID: 21048044

  Reviewed (0)  or Unreviewed (11) 

No.	Status	EKPD ID	Gene ID	Gene Name
1		EKS-GAA-00333	ENSGACG00000015995	HIPK3 (1 of 2); HIPK3
2		EKS-GAA-00328	ENSGACG00000011240	HIPK1 (1 of 2)
3		EKS-GAA-00335	ENSGACG00000003328	HIPK3 (2 of 2)
4		EKS-GAA-00327	ENSGACG00000010440	DYRK1A
5		EKS-GAA-00334	ENSGACG00000007904	HIPK1 (2 of 2)
6		EKS-GAA-00332	ENSGACG00000004845	PRPF4B
7		EKS-GAA-00329	ENSGACG00000004191	DYRK1B
8		EKS-GAA-00325	ENSGACG00000000712	DYRK2
9		EKS-GAA-00326	ENSGACG00000000385	DYRK3
10		EKS-GAA-00331	ENSGACG00000013538	HIPK2
11		EKS-GAA-00330	ENSGACG00000013763	DYRK4