※ DYRK family introduction

    DYRK (Dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase) belong to CMGC family. Homology within the kinase domain can further classify this family into three subfamilies: DYRK kinases, homeodomain-interacting protein kinases (HIPKs), and pre-mRNA processing protein 4 kinases (PRP4s). Ten members have been found in human genome. DYRKs are characterized as dual-specificity protein kinases for their ability to mediate the phosphorylation of serine, threonine and tyrosine residues; however, the tyrosine phosphorylation activity is restricted to autophosphorylation. DYRKs play an important role and act as pleiotropic regulators in a variety of cellular functions, including cell survival, cell differentiation, gene transcription and endocytosis. Mutation or abnormal expressions always associate with diseases. Truncation mutants of DYRK1A result in clinical phenotypes, including microcephaly, intrauterine growth retardation, and developmental delay. Overexpression of DYRK1B has been reported in solid tumors, including colon and lung cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas, and rhabdomyosarcomas, and experimental data suggest that increased amounts of DYRK1B favor tumor development (1).

Reference
1. Aranda, S., Laguna, A. and de la Luna, S. (2011) DYRK family of protein kinases: evolutionary relationships, biochemical properties, and functional roles. FASEB J, 25, 449-462. PMID: 21048044

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No.	Status	EKPD ID	Gene ID	Gene Name
1		EKS-LOA-00275	ENSLAFG00000004507	DYRK2
2		EKS-LOA-00276	ENSLAFG00000004569	DYRK3
3		EKS-LOA-00283	ENSLAFG00000004109	PRPF4B
4		EKS-LOA-00277	ENSLAFG00000006963	HIPK2
5		EKS-LOA-00284	ENSLAFG00000026082	HIPK4
6		EKS-LOA-00279	ENSLAFG00000000815	DYRK1A
7		EKS-LOA-00281	ENSLAFG00000002370	DYRK4
8		EKS-LOA-00280	ENSLAFG00000013962	HIPK3
9		EKS-LOA-00282	ENSLAFG00000027897	DYRK1B
10		EKS-LOA-00278	ENSLAFG00000008067	HIPK1