※ DYRK family introduction

    DYRK (Dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase) belong to CMGC family. Homology within the kinase domain can further classify this family into three subfamilies: DYRK kinases, homeodomain-interacting protein kinases (HIPKs), and pre-mRNA processing protein 4 kinases (PRP4s). Ten members have been found in human genome. DYRKs are characterized as dual-specificity protein kinases for their ability to mediate the phosphorylation of serine, threonine and tyrosine residues; however, the tyrosine phosphorylation activity is restricted to autophosphorylation. DYRKs play an important role and act as pleiotropic regulators in a variety of cellular functions, including cell survival, cell differentiation, gene transcription and endocytosis. Mutation or abnormal expressions always associate with diseases. Truncation mutants of DYRK1A result in clinical phenotypes, including microcephaly, intrauterine growth retardation, and developmental delay. Overexpression of DYRK1B has been reported in solid tumors, including colon and lung cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas, and rhabdomyosarcomas, and experimental data suggest that increased amounts of DYRK1B favor tumor development (1).

Reference
1. Aranda, S., Laguna, A. and de la Luna, S. (2011) DYRK family of protein kinases: evolutionary relationships, biochemical properties, and functional roles. FASEB J, 25, 449-462. PMID: 21048044

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No.	Status	EKPD ID	Gene ID	Gene Name
1		EKS-NOL-00246	ENSNLEG00000004733	DYRK1A
2		EKS-NOL-00245	ENSNLEG00000004610	HIPK1
3		EKS-NOL-00249	ENSNLEG00000011291	PRPF4B
4		EKS-NOL-00243	ENSNLEG00000003466	DYRK2
5		EKS-NOL-00248	ENSNLEG00000003196	DYRK4
6		EKS-NOL-00251	ENSNLEG00000014276	DYRK1B
7		EKS-NOL-00252	ENSNLEG00000014208	HIPK2
8		EKS-NOL-00250	ENSNLEG00000014093	HIPK4
9		EKS-NOL-00244	ENSNLEG00000000742	DYRK3
10		EKS-NOL-00247	ENSNLEG00000017906	HIPK3