※ DYRK family introduction

    DYRK (Dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase) belong to CMGC family. Homology within the kinase domain can further classify this family into three subfamilies: DYRK kinases, homeodomain-interacting protein kinases (HIPKs), and pre-mRNA processing protein 4 kinases (PRP4s). Ten members have been found in human genome. DYRKs are characterized as dual-specificity protein kinases for their ability to mediate the phosphorylation of serine, threonine and tyrosine residues; however, the tyrosine phosphorylation activity is restricted to autophosphorylation. DYRKs play an important role and act as pleiotropic regulators in a variety of cellular functions, including cell survival, cell differentiation, gene transcription and endocytosis. Mutation or abnormal expressions always associate with diseases. Truncation mutants of DYRK1A result in clinical phenotypes, including microcephaly, intrauterine growth retardation, and developmental delay. Overexpression of DYRK1B has been reported in solid tumors, including colon and lung cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas, and rhabdomyosarcomas, and experimental data suggest that increased amounts of DYRK1B favor tumor development (1).

Reference
1. Aranda, S., Laguna, A. and de la Luna, S. (2011) DYRK family of protein kinases: evolutionary relationships, biochemical properties, and functional roles. FASEB J, 25, 449-462. PMID: 21048044

  Reviewed (0)  or Unreviewed (11) 

No.	Status	EKPD ID	Gene ID	Gene Name
1		EKS-ORN-00347	ENSONIG00000016595	HIPK1 (1 of 2)
2		EKS-ORN-00345	ENSONIG00000011165	DYRK1A
3		EKS-ORN-00348	ENSONIG00000011036	HIPK3 (2 of 2)
4		EKS-ORN-00350	ENSONIG00000008036	DYRK1B
5		EKS-ORN-00343	ENSONIG00000019292	DYRK3
6		EKS-ORN-00346	ENSONIG00000019367	HIPK1 (2 of 2)
7		EKS-ORN-00344	ENSONIG00000010383	HIPK2
8		EKS-ORN-00351	ENSONIG00000010302	DYRK4
9		EKS-ORN-00342	ENSONIG00000018022	DYRK2
10		EKS-ORN-00352	ENSONIG00000006312	PRPF4B
11		EKS-ORN-00349	ENSONIG00000005569	HIPK3 (1 of 2); HIPK3