※ DYRK family introduction

    DYRK (Dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase) belong to CMGC family. Homology within the kinase domain can further classify this family into three subfamilies: DYRK kinases, homeodomain-interacting protein kinases (HIPKs), and pre-mRNA processing protein 4 kinases (PRP4s). Ten members have been found in human genome. DYRKs are characterized as dual-specificity protein kinases for their ability to mediate the phosphorylation of serine, threonine and tyrosine residues; however, the tyrosine phosphorylation activity is restricted to autophosphorylation. DYRKs play an important role and act as pleiotropic regulators in a variety of cellular functions, including cell survival, cell differentiation, gene transcription and endocytosis. Mutation or abnormal expressions always associate with diseases. Truncation mutants of DYRK1A result in clinical phenotypes, including microcephaly, intrauterine growth retardation, and developmental delay. Overexpression of DYRK1B has been reported in solid tumors, including colon and lung cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas, and rhabdomyosarcomas, and experimental data suggest that increased amounts of DYRK1B favor tumor development (1).

Reference
1. Aranda, S., Laguna, A. and de la Luna, S. (2011) DYRK family of protein kinases: evolutionary relationships, biochemical properties, and functional roles. FASEB J, 25, 449-462. PMID: 21048044

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No.	Status	EKPD ID	Gene ID	Gene Name
1		EKS-TEN-00351	ENSTNIG00000000691
2		EKS-TEN-00337	ENSTNIG00000012412	HIPK1 (1 of 2)
3		EKS-TEN-00347	ENSTNIG00000000990
4		EKS-TEN-00350	ENSTNIG00000000169
5		EKS-TEN-00346	ENSTNIG00000000463
6		EKS-TEN-00345	ENSTNIG00000000011
7		EKS-TEN-00341	ENSTNIG00000013812	HIPK3
8		EKS-TEN-00343	ENSTNIG00000017838
9		EKS-TEN-00338	ENSTNIG00000013667	PRPF4B
10		EKS-TEN-00348	ENSTNIG00000001680
11		EKS-TEN-00353	ENSTNIG00000018094	DYRK1A (2 of 2)
12		EKS-TEN-00349	ENSTNIG00000005913	DYRK1A (1 of 2); DYRK1A
13		EKS-TEN-00342	ENSTNIG00000001233
14		EKS-TEN-00344	ENSTNIG00000001272
15		EKS-TEN-00333	ENSTNIG00000018717	DYRK2
16		EKS-TEN-00352	ENSTNIG00000008107
17		EKS-TEN-00336	ENSTNIG00000002579	HIPK1 (2 of 2)
18		EKS-TEN-00334	ENSTNIG00000019254	HIPK2
19		EKS-TEN-00340	ENSTNIG00000002197	DYRK1B
20		EKS-TEN-00339	ENSTNIG00000008802	DYRK4
21		EKS-TEN-00335	ENSTNIG00000007287	DYRK3