※ DYRK family introduction

    DYRK (Dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase) belong to CMGC family. Homology within the kinase domain can further classify this family into three subfamilies: DYRK kinases, homeodomain-interacting protein kinases (HIPKs), and pre-mRNA processing protein 4 kinases (PRP4s). Ten members have been found in human genome. DYRKs are characterized as dual-specificity protein kinases for their ability to mediate the phosphorylation of serine, threonine and tyrosine residues; however, the tyrosine phosphorylation activity is restricted to autophosphorylation. DYRKs play an important role and act as pleiotropic regulators in a variety of cellular functions, including cell survival, cell differentiation, gene transcription and endocytosis. Mutation or abnormal expressions always associate with diseases. Truncation mutants of DYRK1A result in clinical phenotypes, including microcephaly, intrauterine growth retardation, and developmental delay. Overexpression of DYRK1B has been reported in solid tumors, including colon and lung cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas, and rhabdomyosarcomas, and experimental data suggest that increased amounts of DYRK1B favor tumor development (1).

Reference
1. Aranda, S., Laguna, A. and de la Luna, S. (2011) DYRK family of protein kinases: evolutionary relationships, biochemical properties, and functional roles. FASEB J, 25, 449-462. PMID: 21048044

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No.	Status	EKPD ID	Gene ID	Gene Name
1		EKS-MYL-00272	ENSMLUG00000014987	HIPK3
2		EKS-MYL-00271	ENSMLUG00000001435	DYRK1A
3		EKS-MYL-00268	ENSMLUG00000001418	DYRK3
4		EKS-MYL-00275	ENSMLUG00000005901
5		EKS-MYL-00269	ENSMLUG00000017514	HIPK2
6		EKS-MYL-00267	ENSMLUG00000013320	DYRK2
7		EKS-MYL-00276	ENSMLUG00000013280
8		EKS-MYL-00273	ENSMLUG00000013441	DYRK1B
9		EKS-MYL-00277	ENSMLUG00000007920	HIPK4
10		EKS-MYL-00274	ENSMLUG00000002810	DYRK4
11		EKS-MYL-00270	ENSMLUG00000007488	HIPK1