※ DYRK family introduction

    DYRK (Dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase) belong to CMGC family. Homology within the kinase domain can further classify this family into three subfamilies: DYRK kinases, homeodomain-interacting protein kinases (HIPKs), and pre-mRNA processing protein 4 kinases (PRP4s). Ten members have been found in human genome. DYRKs are characterized as dual-specificity protein kinases for their ability to mediate the phosphorylation of serine, threonine and tyrosine residues; however, the tyrosine phosphorylation activity is restricted to autophosphorylation. DYRKs play an important role and act as pleiotropic regulators in a variety of cellular functions, including cell survival, cell differentiation, gene transcription and endocytosis. Mutation or abnormal expressions always associate with diseases. Truncation mutants of DYRK1A result in clinical phenotypes, including microcephaly, intrauterine growth retardation, and developmental delay. Overexpression of DYRK1B has been reported in solid tumors, including colon and lung cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas, and rhabdomyosarcomas, and experimental data suggest that increased amounts of DYRK1B favor tumor development (1).

Reference
1. Aranda, S., Laguna, A. and de la Luna, S. (2011) DYRK family of protein kinases: evolutionary relationships, biochemical properties, and functional roles. FASEB J, 25, 449-462. PMID: 21048044

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No.	Status	EKPD ID	Gene ID	Gene Name
1		EKS-ORC-00251	ENSOCUG00000007421	DYRK3
2		EKS-ORC-00254	ENSOCUG00000005814	DYRK1A
3		EKS-ORC-00255	ENSOCUG00000001215	HIPK3
4		EKS-ORC-00256	ENSOCUG00000001965	DYRK4
5		EKS-ORC-00250	ENSOCUG00000009934	DYRK2
6		EKS-ORC-00257	ENSOCUG00000000425	PRPF4B
7		EKS-ORC-00258	ENSOCUG00000008988	HIPK4
8		EKS-ORC-00252	ENSOCUG00000015854	HIPK2
9		EKS-ORC-00253	ENSOCUG00000003785	HIPK1