※ DYRK family introduction

    DYRK (Dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase) belong to CMGC family. Homology within the kinase domain can further classify this family into three subfamilies: DYRK kinases, homeodomain-interacting protein kinases (HIPKs), and pre-mRNA processing protein 4 kinases (PRP4s). Ten members have been found in human genome. DYRKs are characterized as dual-specificity protein kinases for their ability to mediate the phosphorylation of serine, threonine and tyrosine residues; however, the tyrosine phosphorylation activity is restricted to autophosphorylation. DYRKs play an important role and act as pleiotropic regulators in a variety of cellular functions, including cell survival, cell differentiation, gene transcription and endocytosis. Mutation or abnormal expressions always associate with diseases. Truncation mutants of DYRK1A result in clinical phenotypes, including microcephaly, intrauterine growth retardation, and developmental delay. Overexpression of DYRK1B has been reported in solid tumors, including colon and lung cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas, and rhabdomyosarcomas, and experimental data suggest that increased amounts of DYRK1B favor tumor development (1).

Reference
1. Aranda, S., Laguna, A. and de la Luna, S. (2011) DYRK family of protein kinases: evolutionary relationships, biochemical properties, and functional roles. FASEB J, 25, 449-462. PMID: 21048044

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No.	Status	EKPD ID	Gene ID	Gene Name
1		EKS-ICT-00258	ENSSTOG00000005746	HIPK4
2		EKS-ICT-00252	ENSSTOG00000005957	HIPK2
3		EKS-ICT-00251	ENSSTOG00000006353	DYRK3
4		EKS-ICT-00255	ENSSTOG00000006481	DYRK4
5		EKS-ICT-00254	ENSSTOG00000023854	DYRK1B
6		EKS-ICT-00253	ENSSTOG00000016151	DYRK1A
7		EKS-ICT-00250	ENSSTOG00000007947	DYRK2
8		EKS-ICT-00257	ENSSTOG00000023258
9		EKS-ICT-00256	ENSSTOG00000004256	PRPF4B
10		EKS-ICT-00259	ENSSTOG00000009714	HIPK3